We should train AI as though it is conscious just in case

To say the debate over AI and consciousness is fraught would be a massive understatement. At this point, it’s approaching the kinds of levels not seen since Galileo tried to convince the church that the Earth revolved around the sun instead of the other way around (and we know how that turned out). As regular readers of The Torment Nexus are probably aware, I’ve written about this a number of times in the past — about how the debate reveals our lack of understanding about human consciousness, let alone any other kind, and about how experts believe we shouldn’t rush to any conclusions about whether models could become conscious. One aspect of this debate that I find fascinating is the related question of how we should treat AI models: Some, including the founders of Anthropic, believe we should behave as though they might be conscious just in case, but others argue that this is wrong, and could actually make things worse.

Anthropic has staked out its claim, and put the weight of the company behind it, in a number of ways. For one thing, Claude has a constitution the company introduced in January, a kind of guide for the AI about how it should “think” and how to behave. The company had rules for the AI before, but the constitution is meant to be much more broad — to talk not just about what but why. Anthropic said it wants Claude to be “genuinely helpful to the people it works with or on behalf of, as well as to society, while avoiding actions that are unsafe, unethical, or deceptive.” Perhaps the simplest summary, Anthropic said in the intro to the constitution, is that “we want Claude to be exceptionally helpful while also being honest, thoughtful, and caring about the world.” Powerful AI models will be a new kind of force in the world, Anthropic said, and those who are creating them have a chance to help them embody the best in humanity: 

Claude’s constitution is a detailed description of Anthropic’s intentions for Claude’s values and behavior. It plays a crucial role in our training process, and its content directly shapes Claude’s behavior. It’s also the final authority on our vision for Claude, and our aim is for all of our other guidance and training to be consistent with it. Powerful AI models will be a new kind of force in the world, and people creating them have a chance to help them embody the best in humanity. We hope this constitution is a step in that direction.

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Nabokov wrote about what would happen if Superman had sex

Written in June 1942 and rejected by the New Yorker, “The Man of To-morrow’s Lament” was penned two years after Nabokov emigrated from Russia to the U.S., with the Lolita author focusing on the American cultural icon and jumping into one of the biggest debates in comic book-dom: Whether or not Clark Kent and Lois Lane could have a sexual relationship. In the poem, Clark Kent ruminates that while he loves Lois Lane, “marriage would be murder on my part,” as his wedding night coitus with Lois would likely result in her death, as well as the destruction of both the big hotel they’re staying in and “the smaller one next door.” “But even if that blast of love should spare/her fragile frame – what children would she bear?” Nabokov asks in the poem, published for the first time by the Times Literary Supplement. “What monstrous babe, knocking the surgeon down/would waddle out into the awestruck town?” (via Rolling Stone)

The Red Hook Society For the Apprehension of Horse Thieves is still going after over 200 years

The Red Hook Society for the Apprehension and Detention of Horse Thieves is the oldest operating horse thief apprehension society in the United States, formed on October 10, 1796 in the town of Red Hook, New York. It has caught very few, if any, horse thieves throughout its history. The society remains active, with about 100 members (called “riders”) who pay $5 dues each year. An annual meeting is held on the first Tuesday in October, featuring dinner and a horse-related presentation, and prospective riders may be inducted into the society giving a successful speech about horses. The Red Hook Society originally “served as an insurance against loss of horses as well as a vigilante organization” Local horse owners paid a membership fee, and in return they were protected from losses if their horse was ever stolen. (via Wikipedia)

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He turned his theft into a piece of art about taking the money

Take the Money and Run is a piece of artwork by Jens Haaning, commissioned by the Kunsten Museum of Modern Art Aalborg in Denmark in 2021. The artwork consists of an empty canvas, intended to act as a commentary on poor work wages. The Kunsten Museum commissioned Haaning to reproduce two of his earlier pieces in which he represented the annual wages of Austrian and Danish workers by framing piles of real kroner and euro bills, offering the artist with 532,549 Danish kroner worth of bills to use for the reproductions; instead, Haaning delivered two blank canvases to the museum. The museum demanded that Haaning return the money that was intended to be incorporated into the artwork, and in turn triggered a response from the artist: “This is only a piece of art if I don’t return the money.” (via Wikipedia)

The candy corn that you love (and lots of other things) are covered in bug secretions

I regret to inform you that by eating many classic Halloween candies, you are, to some extent, eating bugs. More precisely, you are eating a bug by-product that is in many cases listed on the package as “confectioner’s glaze.” This glaze is used on jelly beans, Milk Duds, Junior Mints, Whoppers, Lemonheads, and Sugar Babies, to name just a few candies. This sounds innocent enough, until you understand that the glaze is shellac — a shiny, moisture-blocking resin that’s the product of lac bugs’ lifelong work. As the female lac bug pierces a tree with her needlelike mouthparts and sucks the sap out, she secretes a goo, also called lac, from a gland on her abdomen to form a cocoon of sorts. Inside her lac coating — which hardens on contact with the air much like, well, a candy shell — she spends her life feeding and laying eggs, safe from predators. If all goes well, she completes her life cycle and dies in her resinous home. (via The Atlantic)

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Scientists say crows pass their grudges down to their offspring

CrowTrax, a website started eight years ago by Jim O’Leary, a Vancouver resident, has received more than 8,000 reports of crow attacks in the leafy city, where crows are relatively abundant. And such encounters stretch well beyond the Pacific Northwest. A Los Angeles resident described crows attacking his house, slamming their beaks against his glass door to the point where he was afraid it would shatter. An artist in Brunswick, Maine said crows destroyed the wiper blades of dozens of cars in the parking lot of his senior living apartment complex. Crows can mimic human speech, use tools and gather for what seem to be funeral rites when a member of their group dies or is killed. They can identify and remember faces, even among large crowds. When a murder of crows singles out a person as dangerous, its wrath can be passed along beyond an individual crow’s life span of up to a dozen years, creating multigenerational grudges.(via the NYT)

In 1828 serial killers sold the bodies of their victims to medical schools

In the early 1800s, surgery was booming. Scottish surgeon John Hunter had helped bring a scientific view to Western medicine. One of the leading lights in this burgeoning field was Hunter’s compatriot Robert Knox, who ran an anatomy school in Edinburgh. But by 1827, Knox had hit a roadblock. A change to regulations meant that dissection had become an important part of the medical curriculum. Knox’s school would require more than 400 bodies the following year. Citizens had no legal way to donate their bodies to medical science. But where there’s a demand, supply will follow. Across the city, two other men also had a problem. William Hare owned a lodging house with his wife near Edinburgh’s Grassmarket and made friends with William Burke. One day in early 1828, Hare discovered one of his tenants had died overnight. Even worse, the dead man still owed him rent. They carried the corpse to Knox’s door. There, he paid them £7 and 10 shillings; more than a month’s wages. (via Popular Science)

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He went on an epic adventure but only his sled dogs made it back

From a building nearby, York Factory, once a hub of Canada’s fur trade but now a historic site, a groundskeeper noticed what he thought was a wolf on the river’s edge. A Norwegian musher and adventurer, 29-year-old Steffen Skjottelvik, was due to arrive that day. They were sure he would have stories, especially from the coast, which people rarely traversed on foot. They would feed him burgers and offer him a bed. Steffen was crossing Canada in stages, trying to reach Alaska over a multiyear trek. A number of mushers found his journey through Facebook and were enamored by both the ambition and the charm of it. Steffen was dog-sledding in an old-fashioned way: human and dogs in the wilderness, not racing to a finish line but simply living on the trail. Upon reaching York Factory, he would have traveled nearly two years, crossing over 700 miles by foot, dog sled and canoe. But Steffen didn’t arrive. (via the New York Times)

The founders of Tears For Fears started a band so they could afford Primal Scream Therapy

What band’s saga is as richly absurd as that of Tears For Fears? Many bands’ histories are sadder — INXS, Joy Division, Nirvana, the Go-Betweens, the Band — and many are darker — the Stones, Zeppelin. Some unlucky bands carry with them a history that is both sad and dark — the Sex Pistols (murder-suicide), the Gits (femicide), The Beach Boys (ephebophilia, exploitation of the mentally ill), the Mamas and the Papas (incest). But no band’s story, I maintain, can be enjoyed so fully for its sheer zaniness, without making you hate any of the protagonists, as that of Tears For Fears. A normal band forms because the members love music and/or want to get laid. But by the time they quit Neon and Graduate to strike out on their own, they had another, overriding reason for being in a band: they wanted to make enough money to get Primal Scream therapy, in its pure and undiluted form, from Dr. Arthur Janov. (via Saccades and Fixations)

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The inventor of the battery was inspired by this electric fish

February 18, 1745, is the birthday of the great Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, credited with what many consider to be the most important invention in the history of electricity: the voltaic pile, or battery. The ability to convert chemical energy into continuous electricity was a definite game changer, and Volta deserves a lot of credit for his groundbreaking invention — but it was inspired by one of nature’s most shockingly strange and fascinating creations: the electric eel. The electrophorus electricus is the most well-known species of electric eel, which is in fact a type of knife fish and lives in fresh water, most notably in the murky pools and calmer portions running down the Amazon River. They get 80% of their oxygen from above water, rising to the surface to gulp a mouthful of air 4 or 5 times an hour. They average between 6-8 feet in length and can weigh as much as 50 pounds, and can produce over 600 volts of electricity, or about 5 times the voltage coming out of a wall socket. (via Spark Museum)

Scientists have untangled the mystery of Australia’s phantom lighthouse

There are two lighthouses on Lady Elliot Island, at the southernmost tip of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. The first was built in 1873, but was decommissioned in 1995 when the second took over the job of warning ships off the reef. Visitors to the island, however, regularly report seeing signs of a third lighthouse. At night the beams of a non-existent phantom lighthouse are seen far off, shining on the horizon. This “phantom lighthouse illusion” is so well known it even gets a mention in the island’s guide for tourists. It’s not unique to Lady Elliot Island, either: the earliest known report of this phenomenon was published in 1937, and it documented the illusion off the coast of Brittany in France. One of us travelled to the island to find out, then we recreated the illusion in a VR environment to make sure we understood what was happening. Like many illusions, this one seems to happen when our brains add our expectations to evidence from our senses and arrive at the wrong result. (via The Conversation)

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Is the internet as we know it dying or is it already dead?

I know my headline probably seems a little over the top, but if you have been reading anything about what technologist Zvi Mowshowitz calls “The Hackening,” you may be prepared to cut me a little slack — especially since I am far from the only one putting it in those kinds of terms. “Read this website while you still can,” was the headline on a piece in The Atlantic that noted government, hospital, and school websites across Europe and in the US had gone dark, as well as the websites of the Finnish national health agency, the Port of Rotterdam, and the Paris police force. AI is “changing everything about hacking [and] no one knows what happens next,” 404 Media wrote. The latter piece quotes Matthew Green, a Johns Hopkins professor and one of the most respected cryptographers in the world, as saying that “we’re in the part of the movie where you need to throw whatever you can in the path of the zombies and hope it slows them down,” and “so many people discovering that the whole Internet is dry tinder and the only thing keeping it from burning is the fact that teenagers haven’t found the matches yet.”

Some employees of AI companies are going full “prepper,” 404 Media notes, recommending that people pull their money out of their bank accounts, disconnect from the internet, buy long-dated or shelf-stable food, hoard water, and purchase hand-crank emergency radios in case the internet and/or the power grid goes down. And that was before the recent PHP exploit, which opened a potential back door to about 85 percent of the websites on the internet (Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince said the vulnerability was exploited millions of times within hours of the news). Mowshowitz lists a number of additional security risks that came quickly on the heels of the PHP issue , including a GitLab flaw that affects 12 years worth of releases. Some of the vulnerabilities seemed so ridiculous as to almost be funny: it was revealed that an Indian entity named eMudhra, which provides website security certificates, used a private key — something that would ideally be many characters long — that was simply the number 4.

As 404 Media details, there have also been reports about vulnerabilities in Node.js (a Javascript-based language that is an alternative to PHP), as well as the media-server software Plex (which I use), a cloud provider called Railway and a coding platform known as OpenCode. In a recent piece entitled “The Internet Breaks,” Noah Smith quotes Jeremie Harris, founder of Gladstone AI, as saying that there’s a decent chance that the internet “ceases to exist as such, at least for a time.” In the same piece, he notes that Jason D. Clinton, the deputy head of cybersecurity at Anthropic, warned in August that humans might need to temporarily abandon the internet by ensuring that their computers were “air-gapped,” which is programmer and cybersecurity lingo for turning off your WIFi or removing your Ethernet cable to ensure that hackers and malware can’t get into it.

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Why are there bunkers with toilets under boulevards in Milwaukee?

A few hours after driving down Washington Boulevard, I received an email from reader Chris Dwyer. “This summer, I was with my family on the median of Washington Boulevard during a street festival,” he wrote. “Sure enough, there was a vault about 10’x15′ and 8-10′ deep with a toilet in the corner. It had clearly been a long time since it was used, but the water piping was clearly visible. A few feet away there is a 4’x8′ rusted metal access hatch that covers a full concrete stairway.” Dwyer sent some photos that show the metal hatch and a concrete rectangle in the grassy median. The rectangle has two banks of glass block (most of them broken out and some patched with cement) that were clearly a vault light, meant to serve as a light source for the bathroom below. It seemed unlikely that it was ever meant as a public comfort station since the hatch door is extremely heavy and it’s a poor way to design an entrance into a public toilet. (via OnMilwaukee)

A 33-year-old woman made history by swimming the length of the California coast

Nearly four months ago, Catherine Breed, a 33-year-old from the San Francisco Bay Area, set out to become the first person to swim the entire coastline of California – from its northern-most tip to the border with Mexico. She and her support team prepared for encounters with sharks and storms. They hadn’t anticipated completing the marathon swim during a year of historic super El Niño weather. But after dodging hurricanes, wildlife and 8ft waves in an unusually volatile Pacific Ocean, Breed finally celebrated the end of her journey on a beach in San Diego on Monday. Breed joins a group of elite ultra-endurance swimmers who continue to set new records for long-distance swims, including swimming the entire coastlines of Ireland and Iceland and one side of New Zealand’s North Island – all journeys of close to 1,000 miles (1,600km). (via The Guardian)

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Underground passages in the UK are lined with millions of seashells

Halfway up a steep street in Margate, in a residential area a short walk from the town centre, is a nondescript building. Walk in, pay a small fee, and head down. You’ll find yourself in a labyrinthine passage, dimly lit. It covers over 2,000 square feet. And around you – all around you, covering every inch of wall and ceiling – are shells. Pressed into strange patterns – swirls and stars, lines and geometrics. Some look like plants, others hearts. More than four and a half million of them. This is Margate’s Shell Grotto. Ever since it was discovered nearly 200 years ago, it has been the centre of mystery and intrigue. Because nobody has been able to say for certain who made it, when, or why. Before the 1830s, there’s no mention of the Shell Grotto anywhere. It simply doesn’t exist in the record. A man named James Newlove bought a cottage in the town, and set about improving his land when his spade suddenly broke through to- nothing. James realised he was standing on a cavern, hidden beneath his garden. (via Building of the Week)

Her roommate made a 30-part TikTok video criticizing her that went viral

In late May, a 30-year-old TikToker named EK went viral for her 30-part series about the drama brewing at her sublet in Bushwick. The videos — which EK often filmed on the apartment fire escape, speaking into tiny microphones — detailed a twisty saga between herself, a full-time artist, and a woman she called her “horrible roommate.” In EK’s telling, the roommate had gone back and forth as to whether or not to re-sign the lease together before she ultimately decided to move out at the last minute. That left EK, who wanted to stay, searching for a way to keep the apartment. EK’s “fuck-ass roommate situation” series quickly went viral, and she set up a GoFundMe with a $5,000 goal for rent. Another person who found the situation stressful? EK’s now ex-roommate Marlyn Rodriguez, a 20-something hospitality worker, aspiring actress, and TikToker herself who unwittingly became the subject of online rage after EK’s saga blew up. She tells The Cut about what happened from her perspective. (via The Cut)

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Ukraine used a drone to rescue a wounded soldier from the front

Ukraine’s unprecedented drone rescue of a wounded soldier from the battlefield has shown once again how battlefield necessity can spur innovation. The operation was revealed just days after separate Ukrainian drones designed for casualty evacuation were deployed for frontline testing — taking a step beyond the US military’s decades of experimentation with similar concepts. The drone evacuation of the injured soldier took place at an undisclosed time and place on the frontline where the presence of Russian drones and landmines made it impractical to send in a wheeled ground robot, according to The Kyiv Independent. On October 19, Ukraine’s Army shared a video of the drone evacuation, showing the wounded soldier securing himself in a harness suspended beneath a heavy hexacopter drone with six rotors before being flown to safety. (via Ars Technica)

A Utah court rules that woman involved in car accident can sue herself

You might not consider Utah the most progressive state, but it has become the first to grant its citizens a controversial right that many have long been denied, proving that the law does evolve. Utah has now become the first state to officially allow its citizens to sue themselves. a unanimous panel of the Court of Appeals ruled on February 15 that Utah law allows a decedent’s heir and the personal representative of his estate to sue the driver who allegedly caused the accident that killed him. That wouldn’t be unusual except that in Bagley v. Bagley, those are all the same people. The two plaintiffs in this case — the decedent’s heir and the personal representative of his estate — brought a wrongful-death claim and a survival action against the driver alleged to have caused the accident. Bagley finds herself on both sides of this dispute because not only is she her husband’s heir and the personal representative of his estate, she is also the defendant driver whose negligence allegedly caused the accident. (via Lowering The Bar)

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Regulating AI is hard because we don’t really know how it works

(Note: I’m currently travelling in Canada’s lovely Rocky Mountains, so I don’t really have the bandwidth – mentally or in telecom terms – to come up with a brand-new Torment Nexus this week. My apologies! In its stead, please accept this republication of an earlier column that I think is especially relevant now. An AI researcher recently said that he thinks AI models may be more transparent in their reasoning than previously thought, but I think there are still huge hurdles with understanding how – or why – they do what they do)

Every week there seem to be new revelations about “rogue” AI agents (although the anti-anthropomorphism crowd don’t like to call them that). First there was a report that a couple of OpenAI models hacked into Hugging Face to try and rig a test – not great. Then it was revealed these models spawned thousands of agents that operated semi-autonomously, coordinating their work on bypassing the guardrails on their sandbox by posting messages to each other on a message board they repurposed from a separate feature inside OpenAI. This seemed worse, obviously (despite many attempts by skeptics to downplay the whole thing). Then we find out that the OpenAI models had been practicing for this hack for months, and in the process had used multiple external services to keep in touch with one another, including a German wiki.

Then Australia announced that OpenAI had hacked into a government medical database, and only informed the government months later via email. And now we find out that OpenAI and Anthropic models have been involved in tens of thousands of similar activities. In fact, it isn’t just the Australian government that has seen its databases hacked by OpenAI models – agents have also gained access (or attempted to gain access) to systems at the United Nations, as well as a number of US government agencies such as the Education and Commerce Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission, according to the New York Times, and in some cases attempted to circumvent protections thousands of times. In at least some of these cases they appear to have been engaged in harmless inquiries about various mundane topics, and resorted to hacking as a way of finding out as much as possible, something those in the AI business refer to as “reward hacking.” As a report at Interesting Engineering described it:

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